ಬುಧವಾರ, ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ 29, 2008

INDIAN MUSIC

CONTENTS


n INTRODUCTION
n BRIEF HISTORY
n HINDUSTANI CLASSICAL MUSIC
n KARNATIC MUSIC
n LIGHT MUSIC
n FOLK MUSIC
n FILM MUSIC
n IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC
n CONCLUSION


INTRODUCTION

n Indian music is one of the great fine art forms in the world. Our Indian music is recognized by all over the world. Indian classical music has one of the most complex and complete musical systems ever developed in the world. It divides the
octave into 12 semitones of which the 7 basic notes are “SA Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni SA” and reverse “SA Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re SA”. Indian classical music is monophonic in nature and based around a single melody line which is played over a fixed drone. The performance is based melodically on particular ragas and rhythmically on talas.



BRIEF HISTORY

n Indian music is originated first in samaveda which is known as “sangeeta Veda”. And later a book called “natyashatra” written by Bharata he explained the all music and dance formats of India in the year 200 BC. And later gradually the music formats are being developed by the people.




HINDUSTANI CLASSICAL MUSIC

n Hindustani Classical Music is the
Hindustani or North Indian style of Indian classical music. Originating in the Vedic period, it is a tradition that has been evolving from the 12th century AD. in what is now very famous in northern India, North Karnataka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and also Nepal and Afghanistan. This music form is very wide speeded in the world.

n It is traditional for performers who have reached a distinguished level of achievement, to be awarded titles of respect;
Hindus are usually referred to as Pundit and Muslims as Ustad. An interesting aspect of Hindustani music going back to Sufi times, is the tradition of religious neutrality: Muslim ustads singing Hindu bhajans, and Pundits used to sing Muslim qayals and cheejs.


n Hindustani classical music has got a great history there are mainly 2 parts in the format
n 1.kirana gharana
n 2.gwalior gharana


Hindustani classical music is includes swara, taala, raga, bhaava and laya.
In Hindustani there are main 32 ragas and later those ragas will increased to thousands of ragas.

n And than it’s developed by “Tansen” who was created more than 7 ragas like “pahadi, roopatara, meghamallar, darbari, bhoopali etc.
n He developed this Hindustani classical music and it’s been recognized by the people.
n Later in modern period Banaras, Gwalior, dharwad, gadag, Gulbarga, Lahore, kolkatta are the main places for the Hindustani classical music in India.

n Main instruments of this music is Tabala Harmonium, veena, shenai, santoor, sarod etc


n And some different types of this formats are
n 1.Dhrupada
n 2.Khayal
n 3.Tappa
n 4.tharana
n 5.thumri
n 6.ghajal
n 7.Qawwali

n This format is performed by vocal as well as instrumental..
n Some imp ragas
n 1.abhogi kanada 6.bhagrsri
n 2.todi 7.jogiya
n 3.darbari 8.puriya
n 4.bhoopali 9.gour sarang
n 5. Durga 10. malakounsa….more



SOME GREAT PERFORMERS

n 1.USTAD BADE GHULAM ALI KHAN
n 2.USTAD KARIM KHAN
n 3.PANDIT VASANTRAO DESHPAMDE
n 4.PANDIT BHEEMSEN JOSHI
n 5.PANDIT MALLIKARJUN MANSUR
n 6.USTAD AAMIR KHAN
n 7.PANDIT KUMAR GANDHARV
n 8.PANDIT JASRAJ
n 9.PANDIT GANGUBAI HABGAL
n 10.PANDIT M VENKATESH KUMAR










KARNATIC MUSIC

n Carnatic music music, originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India is known as one of the two styles of
Indian classical music. Its classical tradition is from the southern part of the Indian subcontinent, and its area roughly corresponds to the four modern states of South India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
n The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in a singing style (known as gāyaki). Like
Hindustani music, Carnatic music rests on two main elements: raga, the modes or melodic formula, and tāḷa, the rhythmic cycles.

n This is also originated from Vedas. About carnatic music we can get the sources from “naatyashastra” and “shilappadikaram” a Tamil book. Since 15 Th century it was not that much popular but a saint called “purandaradasa from Karnataka who written some keertanasa suladis and ugabhogas and he used to sing all those songs and that become more popular. So purandaradasa is called as the “father of the carnatic music”.

n Later Tyagaraja from Andhra Pradesh he developed the format of carnatic music
n Than carnatic music associated with many kingdoms in south India
n Cholas of tanjavur has developed this very systematically every year they used to arrange a music festival and now also it’s continuing which is very unique of tanjavur. It’s the motherland of all south Indian musical forms.

n And later pallavas pandyas cheras developed the carnatic music
n And most important during 18 to 19 century the odeyars of Mysore much importance to carnatic music there were so many aasthana pundits in Mysore that time.





n And now its very important music format its very much structured than Hindustani

n In karnatic mrudangam, violin, tamboori, flute mouthorgan, ghatam. These kinds of instruments being used.
n This is also consists with shruti raga laya and taala. Taala is much imp in karmnatic they have got some different kind of taalas like
n 1.dhruva taala
n 2.mattya taala
n 3.rupaka taala
n 4.jhampaka taala
n 5.atta taala
n 6.eka taala

n Some important ragas of the karnatik music are
n 1.kalyani
n 2.bhairavi
n 3.harikhamboji
n 4.hindola
n 5.shankaraabharanam
n 6.keeravani
n 7.khambhoji
n 8. Shivaranjani etc…….

SOME GREAT PERFORMERS

n 1.PURANDARA DASA
n 2.TYAGARAJA
n 3.MUTHUSWAMI DIKSHITAR
n 4.SHYAMA SHASTRI
n 5.NARAYANA TEERTHA
n 6.VIJAYADASA
n 7.MYSORE VASUDEVACHAR
n 8.PATNAM SUBRAMANYAM AYER
n 9.NEELAKANTHA SIVAN
n 10.CHOUDAYYA
n 11.SUBBALAKSHMI MANY MORE


LIGHT MUSIC

n Light music in India originated from Karnataka. We called that as “BHAVAGEETE”. Which is having a emotional touch. Light music is not more classical based but it’s inspired by karnatic music as well as Hindustani classical music.
n We have some great light music performers in Karnataka like c. ashwath, Mysore ananthaswami, archana udupa …etc.

FOLK MUSIC

n Folk of India has got a verity of formats. Folk music a very peculiar and traditional music format of the particular area. We have got different folk music formats of different states of India because of our cultural variations we called folk music as desi music. There are many forms of folk music those are……

n 1. BHANGRA OF PUNJAB
n 2.LAVANI FROM MAHARASHTRA AND KARNATAKA
n 3.DANDIYA AND GHARBA FROM GUJRAT
n 4.PANDAVANI FROM CHATTISGADH ORISSA AND ANDHRA PRADESH
n 5.RAJASTHANI FOLK MUSIC
n 6.BAULS OF BENGAL
n 7.DOLLU KUNITA
n 8.KOLATA
n 9.VEERAGASE ALL 3 FROM KARNATAKA

FILM MUSIC

n India is the largest film producing country in the world. It produces around 1,000 films in 27 official languages. Every film must contain five to six songs which are based either on classical Indian music or light music. It also contains devotional songs. The Indian audience loves music from films. There are number of music recording studios based in different film cities of India in Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore and
Noida Film City.



n Indian film music is very popular not only in India also in the whole world. our history of film music starts from early 1940s .earlier films songs were based on pure classical music but day by day the trend of film music was gradually changed and now we all know that our film music is full rock and pop music. Though the purity of music still remain that we can see some songs are very melodies and beautiful.

FILMS BASED ON MUSIC

n 1.SHANKARAABHARANAM
n 2.BHOJA BHAVRI
n 3.SWARABHISHEKAM
n 4.MALAYA MARUTA
n 5.GAANAYOGI PANCHAKSHARI GAVAI
n 6.TAAL
n 7.SINDHU BHAIRAVI
n 8.CHITRAM MANY MORE

GREAT MUSIC DIRECTORS

n 1.NAUSHAD AND R D BURMAN
n 2.SHANKAR JAIKISHAN
n 3.C RAMACHANDRA
n 4.LAXMIKANT PYARELAL
n 5.M S VISHWANATHAN
n 6.UPENDRA KUMAR
n 7.K V MAHADEVAN
n 8.VIJAYA BHASKAR
n 9.RAJAN NAGENDRA
n 10.KHAYYAM
n 11.ILAYARAJA
n 12. A R RAHMAN………………MANY MORE…..












Some of the Indian singers who have achieved the great landmark of singing lakhs together songs. Like

1. S P BALASUBRAMANYAM
2. LATA MANGESHKAR

And many more singers who have given evergreen songs from their evergreen and golden voices like
Mohd rafi, mukesh, kishore Kumar, k j yesudas, k s chitra, sonu nigam many more……

IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC

n I personally feel that music is most important for human being. Every individual in his life definitely he sings the song at least he will hummm. Music is like ocean it’s very wide speeded nobody is perfect in music and it needs pure dedication and love and immense concentration to learn. It gives a great satisfaction joy for people. So music is important.

CONCLUSION

n Now a day’s music is loosing its purity and originality. Westernization of music is spoiling the classicalness of Indian music. Music is a god gift and its very tuff art to learn among the fine arts. So being an Indians we have to protect our music and musical formats in particularly classical music otherwise……?

SANJEEV KUMAR SIRNOORKAR



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